This is especially prevalent (and life-threatening) in frail patients and in elders. In many instances, the abnormal swallow can and does cause aspiration of food material, both liquids and solids, into the lungs. For example, patients suffering stroke, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or traumatic brain injury can exhibit abnormal swallowing. A host of very different medical conditions, both physical and neurological in nature, can alter normal swallowing. The oropharyngeal physiology involved in a normal swallow is an exceedingly complex series of coordinated actions. The invention is directed to edible formulations for evaluating and treating dysphagic patients and to provide methods to gauge the rheological properties of modified foods to assess their suitability for use with dysphagic patients. The government has certain rights in the invention. This invention was made with government support under 2009-55503-05206 awarded by the USDA/NIFA. 29, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. Priority is hereby claimed to provisional application Ser.
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